From the album Christmas Joy – Beloved Carols for Church and Singers, also available on CD. This version of the
MoreMeter
Metrical Index
Meter is an important tool when selecting hymns, if you want to choose a different hymn tune for the set words, however you should be aware of the issues and pitfalls.
What does the Meter mean?
Most hymns are set to metrical tunes. This means that there is a strict ‘meter’ or poetic rhythm for each line which is repeated in each verse of the hymn.
How to interpret the Meter
In a hymn book at the top of each hymn a series of numbers will or letters such as CM or SM will be printed. Numbers are either separated by a dot (e.g.
8.7.8.7) or written out in pairs e.g.
87 87 or 87.87). Where the number is 10 or greater, they are not paired (e.g. 10 10 10 10).
The numbers refer to the number of syllables in each line of the hymn. Therefore 87 87 indicates
that there are four lines to each verse with the corresponding number of syllables, eight in line one; seven in line two etc. Or in the case of 10 10 10 10, there are four lines of ten syllables.
For example the hymn: The King of love my shepherd is:
The King of love my shepherd is, (8)
whose goodness faileth never; (7)
I nothing lack if I am his, (8)
and he is mine for ever. (7)
Iambic and Trochaic Stress
‘Iambic’ and ‘Trochaic’ refer to where the
stress falls in the rhythm of each line. In the example above, The King of love my shepherd is the stress is Iambic, meaning the stress falls on the even
numbered syllables:
The King of love my shepherd is
Trochaic meter stresses the odd syllables. E.g.
It is essential when choosing different hymn tunes of the same meter that the stresses fall in a way that suits the words. So a hymn in the 87 87 Iambic
meter would never be sung to a tune set in the 87 87 Trochaic meter.
Numbers followed by a ‘D’ mean a double length verse following the same pattern. E.g. Alleluia, sing to Jesus (Hyfrydol) which has a meter of 87 87 D.
CM, SM, LM
These stand for Common Meter, Short Meter and Long Meter and are a shorthand for some commonly used meters:
CM – Common Meter – 86 86 four lines which alternate between iambic tetrameter (four metrical feet per line) and iambic trimeter (three metrical feet per line), with each foot consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable.
LM – Long Meter – 88 88 four line verses with in iambic tetrameter with alternate rhyme pattern a-b-a-b.
SM – Short Meter – 66 86 four line verses with iambic tetrameter in the first, second, and fourth lines and an iambic trimeter, and the third in tetrameter. With a-c, b-d rhymes.
Preceding the letters with a ‘D’ (e.g. DCM) means ‘double the length’ therefore DCM would mean a verse of eight lines following the CM pattern.
Alleluias and Refrains
A hymn tune marked with ‘and alleluias’ or ‘and refrain’ mean that they are added in addition to the set meter.
Extended
A tune marked ‘extended’ means that a phrase of the verse is repeated. A good example of
this is O for a thousand tongues to sing (86 86 Extended) in which the second and
fourth lines of each verse are repeated.
Irregular
Many hymns do not follow the same rhythm from verse to verse. A number of very famous hymns follow an Irregular meter including In the bleak mid-winter (Cranham), and Good Christians all, rejoice (In dulci jubilo) as well as many more modern and contemporary hymns.
Good Christians All Rejoice And Sing (Gelob’t Sei Gott, Organ 4 Verses)
Also known as Good Christian men, rejoice and sing Good Christians All Rejoice And Sing : Recording Tune: Gelob’t Sei Gott,
MoreGod The Father of Creation (Rhuddlan, Organ, 5 Verses)
God the Father of Creation : Lyrics Meter: 87 87. Lyrics Copyright Iain D. Cunningham © 2010 based on Psalm
MoreGod Sent His Son (Sing Glory Alleluia, Piano Ensemble, 5 verses) Free Download
God Sent His Son : Recording Tune: Sing Glory Alleluia, based on Tannernbaun, a traditional German folk melody, composer unknown adaption
MoreGod Save Our Gracious King (God Save The King, Organ, 3 Verses)
God Save Our Gracious King : Recording Tune: God Save The King, attributed to Henry Carey (1689 – 1743), from
MoreGod Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen (Organ, 7 Verses)
Other settings of God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen : 7 Verse Recording A traditional English
MoreGod Of Mercy God Of Grace (Heathlands, Organ, 3 Verses)
God Of Mercy God Of Grace : Recording Tune: Heathlands, composed by Henry Thomas Smart (1813 – 1879). Public Domain.
MoreGod Of Freedom (Rhuddlan – 3 Verses) – Organ
God Of Freedom Lyrics We regret that we are unable to publish the lyrics to this hymn at the moment,
MoreGod Is Working His Purpose Out (Benson, Organ & Trumpet Descant, 5 Verses)
God Is Working His Purpose Out : Organ & Trumpet Descant Recording Alternative settings of God Is Working His Purpose
MoreGod Is Love Let Heaven Adore Him (Abbot’s Leigh, Organ, 3 Verses)
God Is Love Let Heaven Adore Him : Lyrics Alternative settings of God Is Love Let Heaven Adore Him 1. God
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